![]() ![]() A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four Groups with 10 rats in each Group. Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic heavy metals affecting both humans and animals, yet is one of the least studied for its toxicological effects. ![]() The lack of data about mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects of thallium compounds in humans calls for further research. The exact mechanism of thallium toxicity still remains unknown, although impaired glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and disruption of potassium-regulated homeostasis may play a role. The effects are the most severe in the nervous system. Thallium is considered a cumulative poison that can cause adverse health effects and degenerative changes in many organs. Increasing use in emerging new technologies and demanding high-tech industry constantly raise concern about exposure risk to all living organisms. The main threat to humans is through occupational exposure, environmental contamination, and accumulation in food, mainly in vegetables grown on contaminated soil. Occasionally, there are reports on thallium poisoning as results of suicide or murder attempt or accident. It has been considered one of the most toxic heavy metals. It does not have a known biological use and does not appear to be an essential element for life. Thallium is a naturally occurring trace element, widely distributed in the earth's crust, but at very low concentrations. ![]()
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